# Market Size

### Overview of the Mining Industry in Australia&#x20;

Australia is endowed with a substantial supply of mineral, hydrocarbon, and non-mineral reserves, which are extracted, processed, and sold by the Mining division. These reserves are typically of superior quality and are located near the Earth’s surface, rendering Australia’s Mining division globally competitive in terms of cost. According to IBISWorld’s industry market research in 2024, the recent surge in global energy prices has augmented the value of coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, thereby significantly increasing the division's revenue.

The mining and energy sectors are pivotal to the Australian stock market, representing over 25% of all entities listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). With a total market capitalization exceeding $300 billion AUD in these sectors, there is a substantial opportunity for growth. Annually, more than 400 mining and energy companies seek financing, and the increasing demand for new energy resources has led to a rise in the proportion of IPOs in these sectors. In the first five months of 2023 alone, 90% of IPOs were from the energy and mining industry.



### Importance of Jounior Exploration Mining Companies (JMCs)&#x20;

The market share concentration within Australia’s Mining industry is relatively low, with the top four companies generating less than 40% of the industry’s revenue. In contrast, the average concentration in the sector is 63% (IBISWorld, 2024). This indicates a significant presence of JMEs, whose effective operations are crucial to the industry's overall health. JMEs not only help prevent monopolistic tendencies but also drive mineral exploration and discovery, which are vital for the sector's long-term sustainability and wealth creation. Iddon, Hettihewa, & Wright (2013) point out that junior mining companies (JMCs) contribute significantly to Australia's discoveries of gold, nickel, and base metals. These companies are essential for continuous mineral exploration and discovery, underpinning the industry's growth and the country's economic wealth.



### Market Analysis and Capital Sourcing for JMCs&#x20;

In 2023, the total mining tenements were 90,000, with 3,912 under development and 31,808 in the exploration stage. Australia's mining industry comprises 10,819 exploration mining companies. Loughridge, the Director of Energy Transition at PwC Australia, stated that the future outlook for Australia's mining sector suggests a potential contraction, driven by the slowdown in China’s economic growth and the slump in its real estate market, which are likely to reduce export volumes. Additionally, the global shift towards green energy and sustainability necessitates cost reductions and increased investments in research and development (R\&D) for companies to remain competitive in the global market. To maximise mining and downstream opportunities, substantial and rapid investment and financing are required. For instance, it is estimated that up to $10.4 billion in investment from now until 2035 could generate $170.8 billion in GDP. Achieving such growth necessitates exploring beyond traditional mining finance sources, tapping into new capital avenues such as superannuation and infrastructure funds, government support, international capital, and debt and equity capital markets (Loughridge, 2023).



The Australian mining industry is characterized by its substantial mineral wealth, competitive cost structure, and pivotal role in the national economy. Despite projected revenue declines due to moderating prices and external economic factors, the industry remains robust with significant contributions from small to medium-sized exploration mining companies. These JMEs drive essential mineral exploration and discovery efforts, ensuring long-term sustainability and economic growth. Investment and capital sourcing are critical for the future of the mining sector, necessitating innovative financing strategies to meet substantial funding requirements. The growing interest in mining equity NFTs among crypto investors presents a new avenue for capital, reflecting a broader trend of increasing adoption and investment in digital assets. This convergence of traditional mining finance with emerging blockchain technologies could offer transformative solutions to the financial challenges faced by junior mining companies, potentially enhancing transparency, liquidity, and access to capital in the sector.



### Sources:

_https://triple-a.io/crypto-ownership-data/_

_Monash University. (2023). Unearthing a Gold Standard for Rehabilitating 80,000 Mines in Australia_

_BoldData (2022). "List of Companies in Australia." Accessed at: https://bolddata.nl/en/companies/australia/_

_Hello Stake(2023). "Mining Stocks on the ASX." Accessed at: https://hellostake.com/au/blog/trending/mining-stocks-asx_

_McKenzie, B. (n.d.). Guide to ipos for Mining Companies - Bakermckenzie.com. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2020/01/guide-to-ipos-for-mining-companies.pdf?la=en_

_ASX. (n.d.). ASX Capital Markets 2022 – a year in Review. Australian Securities Exchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www2.asx.com.au/blog/investor-update/2023/asx-capital-markets-2022-a-year-in-review_

_Adams, R. (2022, June 28). 2021 has been a record year for mining and exploration ipos. here are five of the best. Stockhead. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://stockhead.com.au/resources/2021-has-been-a-record-year-for-mining-and-exploration-ipos-here-are-five-of-the-best/_

_Barich, A. (2022, February 2). Asx Metals and mining ipos hit new record in 2021; inflation fears weigh on 2022. S\&P Global Homepage. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/asx-metals-and-mining-ipos-hit-new-record-in-2021-inflation-fears-weigh-on-2022-68555872_

_ASX: Number of ipos in Australia 2021. Statista. (2022, August 25). Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1265244/number-of-initial-public-offering-listings-asx/_

_Karinja, F. (2020, April 20). Top 10 ipos on the ASX in 2018. Small Caps. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://smallcaps.com.au/top-10-ipos-asx-2018/_

_Loughridge, J. (2023, October 17). Critical choices: How to seize Australia's critical minerals opportunity. PwC Australia._



